Effect of micro-Al2O3 addition on the compressive strength, creep, vickers microhardness, and thermal conductivity of high-copper dental amalgam

Malik Abdul-Husien; Haydar  Hassan

doi:10.62638/ZasMat1963

Authors

Malik Abdul-husien Technical Institute of Babylon, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University(ATU), Iraq Author https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1570-8036
Haydar H.J Jamal Al Deen Metallurgical Engineering, Materials Engineering College, University of Babylon, Iraq Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4295-0587

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62638/ZasMat1963

Abstract

The main goal of this investigation is to study the effect of the (Al₂O₃) addition on (Compressive Strength, Vickers Micro hardness , Creep and Thermal conductivity )of the high copper dental amalgam. Casting was used to create one alloy made up of Ag (47 %), Sn (30 %), Cu (22 %), and Zn (1 % ). (Al₂O₃) addition is made in various percentages (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 wt% ). ADA specification No. 1 was followed in the preparation of specimens. The specimens were stored at 37±1 Cº in a glass chamber specially designed for this purpose. Compressive Strength of the amalgam increases with addition from 0.5% to 2% (Al₂O₃) ,creep of the amalgam decreases after addition from 0.5% to 2% (Al₂O₃) and micro hardness HV of the amalgam increases with increasing Al₂O₃ content. thermal conductivity of the amalgam decreases with addition from 0.5% to 2% (Al₂O₃).

Keywords:

dental amalgam; Compressive Strength, Creep, Vickers Micro hardness; Al2O3; thermal conductivity

References

M. Ayat, K.Ziadan, R. Albadr (2024) "Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Zirconia Nanoparticles in Dental Applications." Journal of Kufa-Physics, 16(01),17-25. https://doi.org/10.31257/2018/JKP/2024/v16.i01.13894

R. Bharti (2010) ‘‘Dental amalgam: An update,’’ Journal Of Conservative Dentistry,13(4), 204-208, https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-0707.73380

J. R. Davis (1998) Metals Handbook Desk Edition, 2nd ed. USA: ASM.

T.Mathew, A.Shetty, M.Hegde, G.Bhat (2013), Assessment of mercury release from dental amalgam: an in vitro study, International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 4 (8), 237-239. https://doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.04847

J. B. Park, J. D. Bronzino(2003) Biomaterials Principles And Applications, 2nd ed.usa: crc press.

R. E. Smallman, A. H.W. Ngan(2007) Physical Metallurgy and Advanced Materials, 7th ed. UK: Elsevier Ltd.

F.J. Karl(2018) Materials, chemicals and methods for dental applications. John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119510307

A.Kenneth,.Ch. Shen, H. R. Rawls (2021) eds. Phillips' science of dental materials. Elsevier Health Sciences.‏

J. F. McCabe and A. W. G. Walls(2008) , Applied Dental Materials, 9th ed. UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

H.A.Ihsan, H. J. Al-Deen(2026) "Effect of Calcium Fluoride (CaF₂) Additions on the Microstructure, Physicomechanical Performance, and Ion-Release Behavior of High-Copper Dental Amalgam, Annales de Chimie Science des Matériaux, 50(1). https://doi.org/ https://doi.org/10.18280/acsm.500102

H. J. Al Deen, A.Ouda, M. Abdul-Husien(2025) "Effect of (Ge) addition on mechanical properties of (Ti12Mo5Ta) alloy used in biomedical applications. Zastita Materijala 66 (2), 421-428. https://doi.org/10.62638/ZasMat1243

M.Abdul-husien, HJ Al Deen, Ah.O. Al-Roubaiy (2025) Improvement of Corrosion and Wear Resistance of (Ti12Mo5Ta) Alloy by Germanium Addition Used in Biomedical Applications. Jordan Journal of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering 19 (1). https://doi.org/10.59038/jjmie/190113

H.J.Haydar, J. Al-Deen, M. Abdul-Husien(2021) "Improvement of corrosion resistance and dimensional change of the high copper dental amalgam by Al2O3 additions. Journal of Physics: Conference Series,1973(1), IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1973/1/012079

Z.Rabia, H. U. Rasheed, S. A. Haide(2019) "Comparison of oral health-related knowledge, attitude and behavior among medical and non-medical categories of students of Lahore, Punjab-Pakistan." ASDS, 3, 154-8.‏

J.Al-Safadi(2020) "Amalgam and Composite Use among Dentists and Dental Interns in Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Emerging Trends in Science and Technology ,6879-6887. https://doi.org/10.18535/ijetst/v7i2.01

A .D .Ahmear(2022) “Guide to Dental Materials and Devices,” 7th edition, p.1974-1975.

Metals Hand Book (1981) “Heat Treatment ” 4, 9th edition.

M. A. Meftah(2014) Mechanical and Corrosion Improvement of Dental Amalgam Using Zinc Oxide and TitaniumOxide Particles”, MSc. Thesis University of Babylon at Iraq.

E. Kreyszig, H. Kreyszig, E. J. Norminton (2011) “Advanced Engineering Mathematics” 10th edition , United States of America: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.