Comparative green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using seed and pod extracts of amomum aromaticum and their biological evaluation

Naveen Pathivada; Gopi  Mamidi; Amancharla  Priyadarsini; Gunduluru  Swathi

doi:10.62638/ZasMat1843

Authors

Naveen Pathivada Lecturer in Chemistry, Government Degree College (Autonomous), Nagari, Andhra Pradesh, India Author https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1664-1988
Gopi Mamidi Lecturer in Chemistry, Dr. V.S.K. Government Degree College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India Author https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1248-7745
Amancharla Indira Priyadarsini Lecturer in Botany, Government Degree College (Autonomous), Nagari, Andhra Pradesh, India Author https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3118-2024
Gunduluru Swathi Lecturer in Zoology, Government Degree College (Autonomous), Nagari, Andhra Pradesh, India Author https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9008-9532

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62638/ZasMat1843

Abstract

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized through plant-mediated routes have attracted considerable attention for biomedical applications due to their eco-friendly preparation, cost-effectiveness, and functional properties. However, most previous studies have employed either a single plant organ or whole-plant extracts, with limited investigation of how different organs of the same species may influence nanoparticle formation and biological performance. In the present study, aqueous seed and pod extracts of Amomum aromaticum were comparatively used for the green synthesis of AgNPs under controlled near-neutral conditions (pH 6.0 ± 0.2). The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV–Visible spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, TEM, DLS, EDX, and zeta potential analysis. The results confirmed the formation of stable and crystalline AgNPs, with clear extract-dependent differences in physicochemical characteristics. Seed-derived AgNPs were smaller (15–20 nm) and exhibited higher colloidal stability (−25.4 ± 1.2 mV), whereas pod-derived AgNPs were relatively larger (25–30 nm) and displayed distinct surface characteristics. Biological evaluation indicated that Seed-AgNPs showed comparatively stronger antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, while Pod-AgNPs demonstrated enhanced antioxidant activity (81 ± 2.1%) and improved wound closure (78 ± 3.1% within 24 h) in an in vitro assay. The novelty of this study lies in its controlled organ-specific comparison, demonstrating that different parts of the same plant can direct nanoparticle characteristics and functional responses under identical synthesis conditions. Overall, the findings indicate that plant organ selection can significantly influence the physicochemical properties and observed biological performance of green-synthesized agnps. further studies involving detailed phytochemical profiling and mechanistic validation are required to establish direct causal relationships.

Keywords:

green synthesis; silver nanoparticles; amomum aromaticum; plant-mediated synthesis; antibacterial activity; antioxidant activity; wound healing; nanobiotechnology

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