Optimized characterization of waste glass-crt reinforced polyester composites for sustainable engineering applications

Abstract

This research explores the mechanical characteristics of polyester resin composites reinforced with repurposed glass bulbs and Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) waste for potential structural applications. Data was gathered from 20 residential units within a Chennai apartment complex to assess the disposal patterns of  Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT) unit and various glass bulb types, including incandescent, halogen, compact fluorescent (CFL), LED with glass enclosures, globe bulbs, fluorescent tube lights. The composites were fabricated through the hand lay-up technique. The study formulated five distinct composite compositions by varying the volume fraction of glass bulb reinforcements within a polyester resin matrix. These compositions included 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% glass bulb content + CRT, with the remaining 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, and 50% being polyester resin, respectively.   Both micro and nano-sized glass particles were utilized in different formulations to evaluate their effects on composite performance. The specimens underwent mechanical testing, including tensile, flexural, and impact evaluations, to determine their strength and durability. Additionally, wear resistance tests were conducted to examine surface degradation properties. The study analyzed how varying glass bulb and CRT content influenced mechanical behavior and fracture toughness. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was implemented to optimize the material composition and predict performance outcomes. Furthermore, a detailed morphological analysis provided insights into the microstructure and interfacial adhesion between the glass reinforcements and polymer matrix. By investigating the potential of waste glass bulbs and CRT in composite fabrication, this study contributes to sustainable material development and advances resource-efficient waste management strategies.