Biogenic synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles by Coleus amboinicus extract: its spectral analysis and biological activities

Archana  Behera; Raeesha  Rahman; Iadalin  Ryntathiang; Yuvashree  Chandrasekaran; Sridevi  Kaliaperumal; Mukesh Kumar Dharmalingam Jothinathan

doi:10.62638/ZasMat1324

Authors

Archana Behera Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Author https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1448-9438
Raeesha Rahman Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Author
Iadalin Ryntathiang Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Author https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4341-1478
Yuvashree Chandrasekaran Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Author https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9673-4663
Sridevi Kaliaperumal Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Author
Mukesh Kumar Dharmalingam Jothinathan Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Author https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1161-346X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62638/ZasMat1324

Abstract

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized using Coleus amboinicus leaf extract (CALE) via a green synthesis approach. UV-Vis spectroscopy confirmed ZnO NPs formation, showing a broad peak at 335 nm. FTIR analysis identified phytochemicals involved in the formation and capping of ZnO NPs, enhancing stability. SEM imaging revealed irregular shaped ZnO NPs with size ranging in 20 nm - 50 nm, and EDAX confirmed the elemental compositions. ZnO NPs synthesized using CALE exhibited potent antioxidant activity in DPPH, H₂O₂, FRAP, ABTS, and NO assays. The high activity, dose-dependent inhibition, and synergistic effects of ZnO NPs and phytochemicals highlight their potential for use in biomedical and cosmetic applications to mitigate oxidative stress and inflammation. ZnO NPs synthesized from C. amboinicus exhibited minimal cytotoxicity at 20 µg/mL concentrations in brine shrimp. In osteosarcoma cells, ZnO NPs exerted a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect with an IC50 of 89.98 µg/mL. Morphological changes and apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells confirm ZnO NPs potential as an anticancer agent.

Keywords:

Zinc oxide, Nanoparticles, Antioxidant activity, Toxicology study, Anticancer activity

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